| 1. |
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY |
| 1.1. |
What’s New in this Report |
| 1.2. |
Report Overview |
| 1.3. |
What is a Fuel Cell Vehicle? |
| 1.4. |
Attraction of Fuel Cell Vehicles |
| 1.5. |
Deployment Barriers for Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles |
| 1.6. |
The Hydrogen Economy |
| 1.7. |
The Colors of Hydrogen |
| 1.8. |
System Efficiency Between BEVs and FCEVs |
| 1.9. |
Outlook for Fuel Cell Passenger Cars |
| 1.10. |
Growth and Stagnation of Fuel Cell Passenger Cars |
| 1.11. |
Price and Range Comparison of BEV and FCEV Cars |
| 1.12. |
Europe eLCV Sales 2022 – BEV Leads FCEV |
| 1.13. |
China NEV eLCV Sales 2017-2022 |
| 1.14. |
Cost and Range Benchmark of BEV and FCEV LCV Models |
| 1.15. |
Outlook for Fuel Cell Light Commercial Vehicles |
| 1.16. |
Truck Model Availability Growing |
| 1.17. |
Range of Zero Emission Medium and Heavy Trucks |
| 1.18. |
Up Front Costs of BEV and FCEV Trucks Progression |
| 1.19. |
FCEV Truck Hydrogen Consumption – OEM Benchmarking |
| 1.20. |
Heavy-Duty Truck CO2 Emissions: FCEV, BEV & ICE |
| 1.21. |
Batteries vs Fuel Cells: Driving Range |
| 1.22. |
Outlook for Fuel Cell Buses |
| 1.23. |
Will Battery Improvements Make Fuel Cell Buses Obsolete? |
| 1.24. |
FCEV Bus H2 Consumption Benchmarking |
| 1.25. |
FCEV Sales Forecast by Vehicle Type 2020-2044 (Units) |
| 1.26. |
FCEV vs BEV Market Share in 2044 |
| 2. |
INTRODUCTION |
| 2.1. |
The Core Driver for Transport Decarbonization |
| 2.2. |
Transport Emissions Rising |
| 2.3. |
Transport GHG Emissions: China, US & Europe |
| 2.4. |
Urban Air Quality |
| 2.5. |
Poor Air Quality Causes Premature Deaths |
| 2.6. |
Fossil Fuel Bans: Explained |
| 2.7. |
Fossil Fuel Bans (Cities) |
| 2.8. |
Replacement for ICE – Zero Emission Electric Vehicles |
| 2.9. |
What is a Fuel Cell Vehicle? |
| 2.10. |
Attraction of Fuel Cell Vehicles |
| 2.11. |
Transport Applications for Fuel Cells |
| 2.12. |
Toyota Mobility Roadmap |
| 2.13. |
Why is the Focus on Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles? |
| 2.14. |
Fuel Cell Vehicles as a Part of the Hydrogen Economy |
| 2.15. |
30 Years of Fuel Cell Vehicle Prototypes |
| 2.16. |
Deployment Barriers for Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles |
| 2.17. |
System Efficiency Between BEVs and FCEVs |
| 2.18. |
The Challenge: Green Hydrogen Cost Reduction |
| 2.19. |
Fuel Cost per Mile: FCEV, BEV, internal-combustion |
| 2.20. |
Volume Production to Decrease FCEV Cost |
| 2.21. |
Zero Emission Vehicles: BEV Booming |
| 2.22. |
FCEV Competing with Improving Li-ion Batteries |
| 3. |
FUEL CELLS: TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW |
| 3.1.1. |
What is a fuel cell? |
| 3.1.2. |
Overview of Fuel Cell Types |
| 3.2. |
PEMFC Technology & Materials |
| 3.2.1. |
PEMFC Working Principle |
| 3.3. |
PEMFC Assembly and Materials |
| 3.3.1. |
Role of the Gas Diffusion Layer |
| 3.3.2. |
Bipolar Plates Overview |
| 3.3.3. |
Materials for BPPs: Graphite vs metal |
| 3.3.4. |
Toyota Fuel Cell |
| 3.3.5. |
Membrane: Purpose and form factor |
| 3.3.6. |
Market leading membrane material: Nafion |
| 3.3.7. |
Catalyst: Purpose and form factor |
| 3.3.8. |
Trends for fuel cell catalysts |
| 3.4. |
SOFC Technology & Materials |
| 3.4.1. |
SOFC working principle |
| 3.4.2. |
SOFC assembly and materials |
| 3.5. |
SOFC powered vehicles |
| 3.5.1. |
Volkswagen |
| 3.5.2. |
Nissan |
| 3.5.3. |
Unmanned vehicles |
| 3.5.4. |
Auxiliary power units |
| 3.5.5. |
Outlook for SOFC powered vehicles |
| 4. |
HYDROGEN PRODUCTION |
| 4.1.1. |
The hydrogen economy |
| 4.1.2. |
Which sectors could hydrogen decarbonize? |
| 4.1.3. |
State of the hydrogen industry |
| 4.1.4. |
The colors of hydrogen |
| 4.1.5. |
The colors of hydrogen |
| 4.1.6. |
Traditional hydrogen production |
| 4.1.7. |
Removing CO2 emissions from hydrogen production |
| 4.1.8. |
Main electrolyzer technologies |
| 4.1.9. |
Future trend of the electrolyzer market |
| 4.1.10. |
Important competing factors for the green H2 market |
| 4.1.11. |
Main blue hydrogen technologies |
| 4.1.12. |
Notable blue hydrogen projects |
| 4.1.13. |
Blue H2 process comparison summary & key takeaways |
| 4.1.14. |
Hydrogen production processes by stage of development |
| 4.2. |
Hydrogen Refueling for FCEVs |
| 4.2.1. |
Hydrogen purity requirements |
| 4.2.2. |
Hydrogen refueling stations (HRS) |
| 4.2.3. |
Energy Density of Hydrogen |
| 4.2.4. |
Hydrogen Compared to Other Fuels |
| 4.2.5. |
Transporting Hydrogen |
| 4.2.6. |
State of hydrogen refueling infrastructure worldwide (1/2) |
| 4.2.7. |
State of hydrogen refueling infrastructure worldwide (2/2) |
| 4.2.8. |
Alternative hydrogen refueling concepts |
| 4.2.9. |
The Clean Energy Partnership |
| 4.2.10. |
Cost of hydrogen at the pump (1/2) |
| 4.2.11. |
Cost of hydrogen at the pump (2/2) |
| 4.2.12. |
LIFTE H2: higher pressure transportation is needed |
| 4.2.13. |
LIFTE H2: Mobile H2 refuelers are more competitive |
| 4.2.14. |
Netherlands Funding a Hydrogen Network |
| 4.2.15. |
Infrastructure Costs |
| 4.2.16. |
Developing Hydrogen Refuelling Infrastructure |
| 4.2.17. |
Hydrogen FCEVs – Air Products, Hyvia & Renault |
| 4.3. |
Hydrogen Storage in FCEVs |
| 4.3.1. |
Compressed hydrogen storage |
| 4.3.2. |
Compressed storage vessel classification |
| 4.3.3. |
Reduction in compressed cylinder weight |
| 4.3.4. |
FCEV onboard hydrogen tanks |
| 4.3.5. |
Onboard FCEV tank suppliers |
| 4.3.6. |
Liquid hydrogen (LH2) |
| 4.3.7. |
LH2 tanks for onboard FCEV storage |
| 4.3.8. |
Cryo-compressed hydrogen storage (CcH2) |
| 4.3.9. |
BMW’S Cryo-compressed storage tank |
| 4.3.10. |
IDTechEx’s Hydrogen Research Portfolio |
| 5. |
FUEL CELL PASSENGER CARS |
| 5.1.1. |
Outlook for Fuel Cell Passenger Cars |
| 5.1.2. |
Fuel Cell Passenger Cars |
| 5.1.3. |
Fuel Cell Passenger Car Components |
| 5.1.4. |
FCEV Cars Operating Modes |
| 5.1.5. |
Fuel Cell Car Models |
| 5.1.6. |
Growth and Stagnation of Fuel Cell Passenger Cars |
| 5.1.7. |
FCEV Car Market Share Toyota, Hyundai, Honda, 2016-2022 |
| 5.1.8. |
Hydrogen: Emissions & Cost Issues |
| 5.1.9. |
Powertrain Tailpipe Emissions Comparison |
| 5.2. |
Fuel Cell Passenger Car Players, Sales, and Benchmarking |
| 5.2.1. |
Toyota Fuel Cell Passenger Cars History |
| 5.2.2. |
Toyota Roadmap for Electrification |
| 5.2.3. |
Toyota Mirai 1st Gen 2015 |
| 5.2.4. |
Toyota Mirai 1st Gen Components |
| 5.2.5. |
Toyota Mirai 2nd Generation |
| 5.2.6. |
Toyota Mirai 2nd Gen. Significant Upgrades |
| 5.2.7. |
Toyota Mirai 2nd Gen H2 Safety Measures |
| 5.2.8. |
Purchase Incentives |
| 5.2.9. |
Toyota Mirai Sales 2014-2023H1 |
| 5.2.10. |
Decreasing CAPEX of FCEV |
| 5.2.11. |
Toyota FCEV Following the Prius Pathway |
| 5.2.12. |
Toyota Mirai Demonstrator Fleets |
| 5.2.13. |
Toyota FCEV Goals 2023 and Beyond |
| 5.2.14. |
Toyota Fuel Cell Pickup Truck |
| 5.2.15. |
Hyundai Fuel Cell Passenger Car History |
| 5.2.16. |
Hyundai FCEV Improvements |
| 5.2.17. |
Hyundai NEXO SUV |
| 5.2.18. |
Hyundai NEXO Components |
| 5.2.19. |
Hyundai NEXO Components |
| 5.2.20. |
Hyundai NEXO Hydrogen Tanks |
| 5.2.21. |
Hyundai FCEV Goals |
| 5.2.22. |
Hyundai Partners Forze Hydrogen Racing |
| 5.2.23. |
Hyundai N Vision 74: A Rolling Lab |
| 5.2.24. |
Hyundai NEXO Sales 2018-2023H1 |
| 5.2.25. |
Korea Subsidy Incentives from 2021: FCEV push but BEV far ahead |
| 5.2.26. |
Korea Changing Subsidies for 2023 |
| 5.2.27. |
Honda Clarity Fuel Cell |
| 5.2.28. |
Honda FCEV Development Timeline |
| 5.2.29. |
Honda Clarity FCEV Components |
| 5.2.30. |
Honda Discontinue FC-Clarity: Weak Demand |
| 5.2.31. |
Honda to Re-enter FCEV the Market |
| 5.2.32. |
BMW to Produce FCEVs? |
| 5.2.33. |
Renault-Nissan Fuel Cell Development |
| 5.2.34. |
Nissan e-NV200 SOFC Bio-Ethanol Prototype |
| 5.2.35. |
Renault Returns to FCEVs with Scenic |
| 5.2.36. |
General Motors Fuel Cell Development |
| 5.2.37. |
GM HYDROTEC Fuel Cell Evolution |
| 5.2.38. |
GM Pathway «An All Electric Future» |
| 5.2.39. |
Daimler Mercedes-Benz GLC F-CELL |
| 5.2.40. |
Mercedes-Benz GLC F-CELL Components |
| 5.2.41. |
Mercedes-Benz GLC F-CELL Operating Modes |
| 5.2.42. |
Mercedes End FCEV Car Development |
| 5.2.43. |
Volkswagen Group: No to FCEV Passenger Cars |
| 5.2.44. |
Volkswagen Group – H2 Inefficiency as a Fuel |
| 5.2.45. |
VW Fuel Cell Car Development with Kraftwerk |
| 5.2.46. |
Audi Abandons FCEV Development |
| 5.2.47. |
Audi A7 Sportback H-Tron |
| 5.2.48. |
Riversimple: Highly Efficient City FCEV |
| 5.2.49. |
Chinese FCEV Cars |
| 5.2.50. |
China FCEV Focus on Commercial Vehicles |
| 5.2.51. |
Some in China Still Targeting Passenger Cars |
| 5.2.52. |
Announced Chinese FCEV Cars |
| 5.2.53. |
Announced Chinese FCEV Cars |
| 5.2.54. |
Announced Chinese FCEV Cars |
| 5.2.55. |
SAIC China’s FCEV Car Pioneer |
| 5.2.56. |
SAIC – Mass Market FC MPV |
| 5.2.57. |
Changan Deep Blue SL03: China’s First Mass Produced FC Car |
| 5.2.58. |
Attitude to FCEV Cars by Company |
| 5.2.59. |
FCEV Hydrogen Consumption Benchmarking |
| 5.2.60. |
FCEV Car Fuel Size Benchmarking |
| 5.3. |
Fuel Cell Passenger Car Barriers |
| 5.3.1. |
Price and Range Comparison of BEV and FCEV Cars |
| 5.3.2. |
FC-Car Fuelling / Charging Advantage? |
| 5.3.3. |
Hydrogen Stations in Decline in Europe? |
| 5.3.4. |
Passenger Car CO2 Emissions: FCEV, BEV & ICE |
| 5.3.5. |
CO2 Emission from Electricity Generation |
| 5.3.6. |
Fuelling Costs Petrol vs Hydrogen |
| 5.3.7. |
Fuelling FCEV Costs vs Charging BEVs |
| 5.3.8. |
Fuel cost comparison per kWh of propulsion in Norway |
| 5.3.9. |
Tesla No Interest in Fuel Cells |
| 5.3.10. |
Car Emissions by Powertrain Technology in China |
| 5.3.11. |
FCEV Car Conclusions |
| 5.3.12. |
Why Pursue Fuel Cell Cars? |
| 5.4. |
Fuel Cell Passenger Car Forecasts |
| 5.4.1. |
Fuel Cell Car Forecasts |
| 5.4.2. |
FCEV Car Sales Forecast by Region 2020-2044 (Units) |
| 5.4.3. |
FCEV Car Fuel Cell Demand Forecast by Region 2020-2044 (GW) |
| 5.4.4. |
FCEV Car Battery Demand Forecast by Region 2020-2044 (GWh) |
| 5.4.5. |
FCEV Car Market Value Forecast by Region 2020-2044 (US$) |
| 6. |
FUEL CELL LIGHT COMMERCIAL VEHICLES |
| 6.1.1. |
Light Commercial Vehicles Definition |
| 6.1.2. |
CO2 emission from the LCV sector |
| 6.1.3. |
Electric LCVs: Drivers and Barriers |
| 6.1.4. |
Considerations for BEV and FCEV LCV Adoption |
| 6.1.5. |
Europe eLCV Sales 2022 – BEV Leads FCEV |
| 6.1.6. |
China NEV eLCV Sales 2017-2022 |
| 6.1.7. |
LCV Range Requirement |
| 6.1.8. |
LCV Range Requirement |
| 6.1.9. |
LCV Range Requirement Compared to Trucks |
| 6.1.10. |
Fuel Cell LCVs |
| 6.2. |
Fuel Cell Light Commercial Vehicles: Players and Benchmarking |
| 6.2.1. |
Example Fuel Cell LCV Specifications |
| 6.2.2. |
Groupe Renault |
| 6.2.3. |
Renault Hydrogen System Diagrams |
| 6.2.4. |
HYVIA – Renault and Plug Power FC-LCV Joint Venture |
| 6.2.5. |
Stellantis Fuel Cell LCVs |
| 6.2.6. |
Stellantis – Citroen / Peugeot / Vauxhall / Opel FC-Van |
| 6.2.7. |
Symbio Fuel Cell Systems |
| 6.2.8. |
Faurecia and Symbio |
| 6.2.9. |
Ballard and Linamar Light-Duty Fuel Cell Alliance |
| 6.2.10. |
Fuel Cell Electric Vans – Holthausen |
| 6.2.11. |
Bosch Fuel Cell Progress in China |
| 6.2.12. |
Cost and Range Benchmark of BEV and FCEV LCV Models |
| 6.3. |
Fuel Cell Light Commercial Vehicles: Forecasts |
| 6.3.1. |
Outlook for Fuel Cell Light Commercial Vehicles |
| 6.3.2. |
FCEV LCV Sales Forecast by Region 2020-2044 (Units) |
| 6.3.3. |
FCEV LCV Fuel Cell Demand Forecast by Region 2020-2044 (GW) |
| 6.3.4. |
FCEV LCV Battery Demand Forecast by Region 2020-2044 (GWh) |
| 6.3.5. |
FCEV LCV Market Value Forecast by Region 2020-2044 (US$) |
| 7. |
FUEL CELL TRUCKS |
| 7.1.1. |
Fuel Cells Trucks Outlook |
| 7.1.2. |
The rise of zero (or near zero) exhaust emission trucks |
| 7.1.3. |
Truck Classifications |
| 7.1.4. |
Financial Driver: Legislation in Europe |
| 7.1.5. |
Road Freight Market |
| 7.1.6. |
GHG Emission From the Truck Sector |
| 7.1.7. |
Heavy-Duty Emission Standards |
| 7.1.8. |
Fuel / CO2 Regulation for New Trucks |
| 7.1.9. |
China’s Fuel Cell Truck Drive |
| 7.1.10. |
Fuel Cell Suppliers turn to Trucks in China |
| 7.1.11. |
Fuel Saving Technology Areas |
| 7.1.12. |
OEMs Endorse Transition to Zero-Emission |
| 7.1.13. |
OEM Statements |
| 7.1.14. |
Zero Emission Truck Considerations |
| 7.2. |
Fuel Cell Trucks: Model Availability, Benchmarking, and Costs |
| 7.2.1. |
Heavy-Duty Trucks: BEV or Fuel Cell? |
| 7.2.2. |
Truck Model Availability Growing |
| 7.2.3. |
Range of Zero Emission Medium and Heavy Trucks |
| 7.2.4. |
Installed Battery Capacity by Truck Weight |
| 7.2.5. |
Fuel Cell Power vs Vehicle Weight – OEM Benchmarking |
| 7.2.6. |
Up Front Costs of BEV and FCEV Trucks Progression |
| 7.2.7. |
Cost of H2 Trucks vs Battery Electric |
| 7.2.8. |
Cost of H2 Trucks vs Battery Electric |
| 7.2.9. |
Cost of H2 Trucks vs Battery Electric |
| 7.2.10. |
Cost of H2 Trucks vs Battery Electric |
| 7.2.11. |
Renewable Hydrogen Cost Prediction in Europe |
| 7.2.12. |
Subsidies Available to Fuel Cell Trucks |
| 7.2.13. |
FCEV Truck Hydrogen Consumption – OEM Benchmarking |
| 7.2.14. |
Batteries vs. Fuel Cells: Driving Range |
| 7.2.15. |
Daily Duty Cycle Demand |
| 7.2.16. |
Powertrain and Range |
| 7.2.17. |
External Cost of Heavy-Duty Trucks |
| 7.2.18. |
Heavy-Duty Truck CO2 Emissions: FCEV, BEV & ICE |
| 7.2.19. |
TCO for alternative powertrains vs diesel |
| 7.2.20. |
Potential Impact of Inflation Reduction Act on FCEV Trucks |
| 7.2.21. |
Fuel Cell Manufacturers Collaboration on FC-Trucks |
| 7.2.22. |
Fuel Cell Company Acquisitions Related to Trucks |
| 7.3. |
Fuel Cell Truck Players |
| 7.3.1. |
Fuel Cell Trucks: Hyundai |
| 7.3.2. |
Hyundai Hydrogen Mobility |
| 7.3.3. |
Fuel Cell Trucks: DAIMLER / VOLVO |
| 7.3.4. |
Daimler Trucks FCEV Demonstration |
| 7.3.5. |
Volvo Group: Toward Fossil Free Transport |
| 7.3.6. |
Scania to Concentrate on BEV-Trucks |
| 7.3.7. |
Scania Still Developing Fuel Cell Trucks |
| 7.3.8. |
Horizon Fuel Cell Technologies |
| 7.3.9. |
Horizon Fuel Cell Technologies |
| 7.3.10. |
HYZON Motors |
| 7.3.11. |
HYZON Motors Heavy-Duty Truck Schematic |
| 7.3.12. |
Nikola Corporation |
| 7.3.13. |
Nikola Motor: BEV and FCEV |
| 7.3.14. |
IDTechEx Take: The Future for Nikola |
| 7.3.15. |
Fuel Cell Trucks: KENWORTH (PACCAR) |
| 7.3.16. |
Fuel Cell Trucks: TOYOTA / HINO |
| 7.3.17. |
VDL and Toyota Present First FCEV Truck |
| 7.3.18. |
Fuel Cell Trucks: DONGFENG |
| 7.3.19. |
BOSAL / Ceres Power – SOFC Range Extender |
| 7.4. |
FCEV Truck Forecasts |
| 7.4.1. |
FCEV and Total MDT Sales Forecast 2020-2044 (Units) |
| 7.4.2. |
FCEV MDT Sales Forecast by Region 2020-2044 (Units) |
| 7.4.3. |
FCEV MDT Fuel Cell Demand Forecast by Region 2020-2044 (GW) |
| 7.4.4. |
FCEV MDT Battery Demand Forecast by Region 2020-2044 (GWh) |
| 7.4.5. |
FCEV MDT Market Value Forecast by Region 2020-2044 (US$) |
| 7.4.6. |
FCEV and Total HDT Sales Forecast 2020-2044 (Units) |
| 7.4.7. |
FCEV HDT Sales Forecast by Region 2020-2044 (Units) |
| 7.4.8. |
FCEV HDT Fuel Cell Demand Forecast by Region 2020-2044 (GW) |
| 7.4.9. |
FCEV HDT Battery Demand Forecast by Region 2020-2044 (GWh) |
| 7.4.10. |
FCEV HDT Market Value Forecast by Region 2020-2044 (US$) |
| 8. |
FUEL CELL BUSES |
| 8.1.1. |
Fuel Cell Buses |
| 8.1.2. |
30 Years of FC-Bus Development |
| 8.1.3. |
Main Advantages / Disadvantages of Fuel Cell Buses |
| 8.1.4. |
Fuel Cell Bus Schematic |
| 8.1.5. |
Fuel Cell Bus Example Specifications |
| 8.1.6. |
Other Zero / Low Emission Bus Options |
| 8.1.7. |
Gaps in the Market: Prospect for fuel cell Buses |
| 8.1.8. |
Battery Electric Buses: Rival or Complementary? |
| 8.1.9. |
Can BEV and FCEV Coexist? |
| 8.1.10. |
Infrastructure Cost BEV vs FCEV Bus Depot |
| 8.1.11. |
Example Analysis: Foothill Transit, California, Line 486 |
| 8.1.12. |
Example Analysis: Foothill Transit |
| 8.1.13. |
Delivering the Required Duty Milage |
| 8.1.14. |
Californian Transit Agencies Milage Distribution |
| 8.1.15. |
BEV vs FCEV Running Costs and Efficiency |
| 8.1.16. |
Zero Emission Bus Range Per Day |
| 8.1.17. |
Zero Emission Bus Range Per Day |
| 8.1.18. |
Route Length Suitability for BEV Buses |
| 8.1.19. |
Will Battery Improvements make Fuel Cell Buses Obsolete? |
| 8.1.20. |
Will Battery Improvements make Fuel Cell Buses Obsolete? |
| 8.1.21. |
Will Battery Improvements make Fuel Cell Buses Obsolete? |
| 8.1.22. |
Will Battery Improvements make Fuel Cell Buses Obsolete? |
| 8.1.23. |
Will Battery Improvements make Fuel Cell Buses Obsolete? |
| 8.1.24. |
Loop Energy Inc |
| 8.1.25. |
Comparison Hydrogen Fuel Cost vs Diesel Cost |
| 8.2. |
FC Buses: Regional Performance, Costs, and Players |
| 8.2.1. |
Fuel Cell Bus Deployment Worldwide |
| 8.2.2. |
Chinese Fuel Cell Bus OEM Market Share 2022 |
| 8.2.3. |
Chinese Fuel Cell Bus Examples |
| 8.2.4. |
NEV Bus OEM Share in China 2019-2023 |
| 8.2.5. |
China Fuel Cell Installed Capacity 2022 |
| 8.2.6. |
CEMT – Edelman Hydrogen Energy Equipment |
| 8.2.7. |
Beijing SinoHytec |
| 8.2.8. |
Sinosynergy |
| 8.2.9. |
Shanghai Hydrogen Propulsion Technology |
| 8.2.10. |
REFIRE – Shanghai Reshaping Energy Technology |
| 8.2.11. |
REFIRE – Shanghai Reshaping Energy Technology |
| 8.2.12. |
Other Chinese Fuel Cell System Manufacturers |
| 8.2.13. |
United Fuel Cell System R&D (Beijing) Co. |
| 8.2.14. |
Toyota SORA Fuel Cell Bus |
| 8.2.15. |
Structure of Toyota fuel cell bus |
| 8.2.16. |
JAPAN FCEV Targets |
| 8.2.17. |
Hyundai ELEC CITY Fuel Cell Bus |
| 8.2.18. |
Iveco Fuel Cell Buses (Hyundai fuel cells) |
| 8.2.19. |
Korea FCEV Targets |
| 8.2.20. |
US Fuel Cell Buses: Active Fuel Cell Bus Project |
| 8.2.21. |
US Fuel Cell Buses: fuel cell Bus Projects in Planning |
| 8.2.22. |
US Fuel Cell Buses: Fuel cell Bus Projects Completed |
| 8.2.23. |
Transitioning the US Fleet to Zero Emission Buses |
| 8.2.24. |
The Cost of US Bus Fleet Transition to Zero Emission |
| 8.2.25. |
US Fuel Cell Buses: Price 2010-2023 |
| 8.2.26. |
US Buses: Capex Cost 2015-2023 by Drivetrain |
| 8.2.27. |
NREL Fuel Cell Bus Evaluations 2023 |
| 8.2.28. |
NREL Fuel Cell Bus Evaluations 2023 |
| 8.2.29. |
Fuel Cell Bus Long-Term Stack Performance Data |
| 8.2.30. |
New Flyer Xcelsior CHARGE H2 |
| 8.2.31. |
ElDorado National AXESS Fuel Cell Bus |
| 8.2.32. |
ElDorado National AXESS Schematic |
| 8.2.33. |
Van Hool |
| 8.2.34. |
US School Buses |
| 8.2.35. |
US eBus Purchase Subsidies |
| 8.2.36. |
European Fuel Cell Bus Deployment |
| 8.2.37. |
EU JIVE 2 Targets |
| 8.2.38. |
European Fuel Cell Bus Deployments (July 2023) |
| 8.2.39. |
European Clean Bus Deployment Initiative |
| 8.2.40. |
Cancelling Orders for Hydrogen Buses |
| 8.2.41. |
Solaris Urbino 12 Hydrogen Bus |
| 8.2.42. |
Solaris Alternative Drive Sales and Strategy |
| 8.2.43. |
CaetanoBus H2.City Gold |
| 8.2.44. |
Toyota Motor Europe |
| 8.2.45. |
1000km Hydrogen Coaches |
| 8.2.46. |
SAFRA Businova Hydrogen |
| 8.2.47. |
Wrightbus StreetDeck Hydroliner |
| 8.2.48. |
Van Hool EU Orders |
| 8.2.49. |
ADL Enviro400 FCEV |
| 8.2.50. |
FCEV Bus H2 Consumption Benchmarking |
| 8.3. |
FC Buses: Forecasts |
| 8.3.1. |
Outlook for Fuel Cell Buses |
| 8.3.2. |
FCEV Bus Sales Forecast by Region 2020-2044 (Units) |
| 8.3.3. |
FCEV Bus Fuel Cell Demand Forecast by Region 2020-2044 (GW) |
| 8.3.4. |
FCEV Bus Battery Demand Forecast by Region 2020-2044 (GWh) |
| 8.3.5. |
FCEV Bus Market Value Forecast by Region 2020-2044 (US$) |
| 9. |
FORECAST SUMMARY |
| 9.1.1. |
Forecast Assumptions |
| 9.2. |
Forecast Summary: Passenger Cars |
| 9.2.1. |
Forecast Assumptions |
| 9.2.2. |
Fuel Cell Car Forecasts |
| 9.2.3. |
FCEV Car Sales Forecast by Region 2020-2044 (Units) |
| 9.2.4. |
FCEV Car Fuel Cell Demand Forecast by Region 2020-2044 (GW) |
| 9.2.5. |
FCEV Car Battery Demand Forecast by Region 2020-2044 (GWh) |
| 9.2.6. |
FCEV Car Market Value Forecast by Region 2020-2044 (US$) |
| 9.3. |
Forecast Summary: Light Commercial Vehicles |
| 9.3.1. |
Forecast Assumptions |
| 9.3.2. |
FCEV LCV Sales Forecast by Region 2020-2044 (Units) |
| 9.3.3. |
FCEV LCV Fuel Cell Demand Forecast by Region 2020-2044 (GW) |
| 9.3.4. |
FCEV LCV Battery Demand Forecast by Region 2020-2044 (GWh) |
| 9.3.5. |
FCEV LCV Market Value Forecast by Region 2020-2044 (US$) |
| 9.4. |
Forecast Summary: Trucks |
| 9.4.1. |
Forecast Assumptions |
| 9.4.2. |
FCEV and Total MDT Sales Forecast 2020-2044 (Units) |
| 9.4.3. |
FCEV MDT Sales Forecast by Region 2020-2044 (Units) |
| 9.4.4. |
FCEV MDT Fuel Cell Demand Forecast by Region 2020-2044 (GW) |
| 9.4.5. |
FCEV MDT Battery Demand Forecast by Region 2020-2044 (GWh) |
| 9.4.6. |
FCEV MDT Market Value Forecast by Region 2020-2044 (US$) |
| 9.4.7. |
FCEV and Total HDT Sales Forecast 2020-2044 (Units) |
| 9.4.8. |
FCEV HDT Sales Forecast by Region 2020-2044 (Units) |
| 9.4.9. |
FCEV HDT Fuel Cell Demand Forecast by Region 2020-2044 (GW) |
| 9.4.10. |
FCEV HDT Battery Demand Forecast by Region 2020-2044 (GWh) |
| 9.4.11. |
FCEV HDT Market Value Forecast by Region 2020-2044 (US$) |
| 9.5. |
Forecast Summary: Buses |
| 9.5.1. |
Forecast Assumptions |
| 9.5.2. |
Forecast Assumptions |
| 9.5.3. |
FCEV Bus Sales Forecast by Region 2020-2044 (Units) |
| 9.5.4. |
FCEV Bus Fuel Cell Demand Forecast by Region 2020-2044 (GW) |
| 9.5.5. |
FCEV Bus Battery Demand Forecast by Region 2020-2044 (GWh) |
| 9.5.6. |
FCEV Bus Market Value Forecast by Region 2020-2044 (US$) |
| 9.6. |
Forecast Summary: Total On-road FC Vehicles |
| 9.6.1. |
FCEV Sales Forecast by Region 2020-2044 (Units) |
| 9.6.2. |
FCEV Fuel Cell Demand Forecast by Region 2020-2044 (GW) |
| 9.6.3. |
FCEV Battery Demand Forecast by Region 2020-2044 (GWh) |
| 9.6.4. |
FCEV Market Value Forecast by Region 2020-2044 (US$) |
| 9.6.5. |
FCEV Sales Forecast by Vehicle Type 2020-2044 (Units) |
| 9.6.6. |
FCEV vs BEV Market Share in 2044 |
| 9.6.7. |
FCEV Fuel Cell Demand Forecast by Vehicle Type 2020-2044 (GW) |
| 9.6.8. |
FCEV Battery Demand Forecast by Vehicle Type 2020-2044 (GWh) |
| 9.6.9. |
FCEV Market Value Forecast by Vehicle Type 2020-2044 (US$) |
Source: idtechex.com
